Lávese las manos. CDC

Trillon de microbios puede vivir en 1gr de CACA
"Lavese las Manos despues de ir al Baño"

Mantener las manos limpias es una de las mejores formas de prevenir la propagación de infecciones y enfermedades.

El lavado de manos es algo fácil de hacer y es una de las formas más eficaces de prevenir la propagación de muchos tipos de infecciones y enfermedades en todos los lugares, desde su casa* y el sitio de trabajo,* hasta las guarderías infantiles y los hospitales.* Las manos limpias pueden evitar que los microbios pasen de una persona a otra y a toda la comunidad.

¿Como lavarse las manos?

Ministerio Salud de Costa Rica

http://emssolutionsint.blogspot.com/2020/05/covid-19-geles-y-soluciones.html

Sepa más sobre cuándo y cómo lavarse las manos.

¿Cuándo debe lavarse las manos?

• Antes, durante y después de preparar alimentos.
• Antes de comer.
• Antes y después de atender a alguien que esté enfermo.
• Antes y después de tratar heridas o cortaduras.
• Después de usar el baño.
• Después de cambiar pañales o limpiar a un niño que haya ido al baño.
• Después de sonarse la nariz, toser o estornudar.
• Después de haber tocado animales, alimento para animales o excrementos de animales.
• Después de tocar la basura.

¿Cuál es la forma correcta de lavarse las manos?

• Mójese las manos con agua corriente limpia (tibia o fría) y enjabónelas después de cerrar el grifo.
• Frote sus manos con el jabón hasta que haga espuma. Asegúrese de enjabonar las manos enteras: el dorso, entre los dedos y debajo de las uñas.
• Restriegue las manos durante al menos 20 segundos. ¿Necesita un reloj? Tararee dos veces la canción del "Feliz cumpleaños" de principio a fin.
• Enjuáguese bien las manos con agua corriente limpia.
• Séqueselas con una toalla limpia o al aire libre.

¿Por qué? Lea la ciencia detrás de las recomendaciones*

¿Qué debe hacer si no tiene jabón ni agua corriente limpia?

Lavarse las manos con agua y jabón es la mejor forma de reducir la cantidad de microbios en ellas en la mayoría de los casos. Si no hay agua ni jabón disponibles, use un desinfectante de manos a base de alcohol que contenga como mínimo un 60 % de alcohol. Los desinfectantes de manos a base de alcohol pueden reducir rápidamente la cantidad de microbios en las manos en algunas situaciones, pero no eliminan todos los tipos de microbios.

Es posible que los desinfectantes de manos no tengan la misma eficacia si las manos están visiblemente sucias o grasosas.

¿Cómo usar los desinfectantes de manos?

• Aplíquese el producto en la palma de una mano (lea la etiqueta para saber la cantidad correcta necesaria).
• Frótese las manos.
• Frote el producto sobre todas las superficies de las manos y los dedos hasta que estén secas.

¿Por qué? Lea la ciencia detrás de las recomendaciones*

Para obtener más información sobre el lavado de manos, visite el sitio web de los CDC sobre el lavado de manos.*Puede también llamar al 1-800-CDC-INFO o comunicarse con CDC-INFO para obtener respuestas a preguntas específicas.

* Los enlaces a sitios web pueden llevar a páginas en inglés o español.

Referencias

1. globalhandwashingday.org
2. Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, Colford, JM., Jr. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Jan;5(1):42-52.
3. Curtis V, Cairncross S. Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 3, May 2003, pp 275-281. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 May;3(5):275-81.
4. WELL Fact Sheet
5. UNICEF, State of the World's Children, 2008.
6. Liu P, Macinga DR, Fernandez, ML, Zapka C, Hsiao H, Berger B, Arbogast JW, Moe CL. Comparison of the activity of alcohol-based handrubs against human noroviruses using the fingerpad method and quantitative real-time PCR. Food Environ Virol. 2011 Mar;3(1):35-42.

Una de las mejores formas de prevenir la propagación de infecciones y enfermedades es mantener las manos limpias. Sepa cómo y cuándo lavarse las manos.

http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialesCDC/LavarManos/

"Mantenga la Calma y Lavese las Manos" CDC

¡Detenga los Microbios! ¡Mantengase Sano! ¡Lavese las Manos! CDC

Confirmed by PRAC that hydroxyethyl-starch solutions (HES) should no longer be used in patients with sepsis or burn injuries or in critically ill patients. 11/10/2013

hydroxyethyl-starch solutions (HES) should no longer be used in patients with sepsis or burn injuries or in critically ill patients. 11/10/2013

PRAC confirms that hydroxyethyl-starch solutions (HES) should no longer be used in patients with sepsis or burn injuries or in critically ill patients

HES will be available in restricted patient populations

The EMA’s Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) has completed its review of HES solutions following an assessment of new information and commitments from companies for additional studies and risk minimisation activities. The Committee confirmed that HES solutions must no longer be used to treat patients with sepsis (bacterial infection in the blood) or burn injuries or critically ill patients, because of an increased risk of kidney injury and mortality. HES solutions may, however, continue to be used in patients to treat hypovolaemia (low blood volume) caused by acute blood loss, provided that appropriate measures are taken to reduce potential risks and that additional studies are carried out.

The review of HES solutions was initially triggered by the German medicines agency, the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), following studies showing an increased risk of mortality in patients with sepsis and an increased risk of kidney injury requiring dialysis in critically ill patients following treatment with HES solutions.

The PRAC had initially concluded on 13 June 2013 that HES solutions should be suspended in all patient populations. Since then, the PRAC has analysed and considered new evidence that was not available at the time of the initial recommendation, including new studies. The Committee has also looked at new proposals for additional risk minimisation measures, including restrictions on use and a commitment from the companies to conduct additional studies.

The PRAC, on the basis of all data available to date, considered whether a group of patients could be identified for whom HES treatment remains beneficial. The Committee concluded that there was clear evidence for an increased risk of kidney injury and mortality in critically ill and septic patients, and that therefore HES should no longer be used in these patients. However the PRAC agreed that HES could continue to be used in patients with hypovolaemia caused by acute blood loss where treatment with alternative infusions solutions known as ‘crystalloids’ alone are not considered to be sufficient. The PRAC acknowledged the need for measures to minimise potential risks in these patients and recommended that HES solutions should not be used for more than 24 hours and that patients’ kidney function should be monitored for at least 90 days. In addition, the PRAC requested that further studies be carried out on the use of these medicines in elective surgery and trauma patients.

The PRAC recommendation will now be sent to the Coordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised Procedures – Human (CMDh), for consideration at its meeting on 21-23 October 2013.

PRAC confirms that hydroxyethyl-starch solutions (HES) should no longer be used in patients with sepsis or burn injuries or in critically ill patients

New review of hydroxyethyl-starch-containing solutions for infusion started. 12/07/2013

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has started a new review of hydroxyethyl-starch (HES)-containing solutions for infusion, following the suspension of the use of these medicines in the United Kingdom (UK) on 27 June 2013.

The EMA’s Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) had recommended in June 2013 that these medicines be suspended in the European Union (EU), following an assessment of available data which concluded that their benefits do not outweigh the risks of kidney injury and mortality. However, the process to implement the PRAC’s recommendation across the EU has not yet begun since a number of marketing-authorisation holders have exercised their legal right to request a re-examination of the recommendation.

In the meantime, some Member States have taken action to suspend or limit the marketing or use of these medicines in their territories. In accordance with EU legislation, this type of action currently requires that a review procedure be carried out. Consequently, the UK has requested the PRAC to start this review procedure, which will run in parallel with the re-examination of the PRAC’s June 2013 recommendation.

The Agency invites all stakeholders (e.g. healthcare professionals, patients’ organisations, the general public) to submit data relevant to this procedure. Full details are available under the 'data submission' tab.

HES-containing solutions are volume expanders used to replace lost blood volume in hypovolaemia (low blood volume caused by dehydration or blood loss) and hypovolaemic shock (a steep fall in blood pressure caused by drop in blood volume). They are used in critically ill patients including patients with sepsis (bacterial infection of the blood), or burn or trauma injuries, or patients who are undergoing surgery. HES-containing solutions are given by infusion (drip) into a vein.

Infusion solutions containing HES belong to the class of colloids. There are two main types of volume expanders: crystalloids and colloids. Colloids contain large molecules such as starch, whereas crystalloids such as saline solutions contain smaller molecules. In the EU, HES-containing solutions for infusion have been approved via national procedures.

This review of HES solutions for infusion has been initiated at the request of the UK medicines agency, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), under Article 107i of Directive 2001/83/EC, also known as the urgent Union procedure.

The review is being carried out by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC), the committee responsible for the evaluation of safety issues for human medicines, which will make a set of recommendations. As these medicines are all authorised nationally, the PRAC recommendation will be forwarded to the Coordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised Procedures – Human (CMDh), which will adopt a final position. The CMDh is a regulatory body that represents the EU Member States, responsible for ensuring harmonised safety standards for medicines authorised via national procedures across the EU.

In June 2013, the PRAC adopted recommendations on HES solutions under Article 31 of Directive 2001/83/EC. A number of marketing-authorisation holders have requested a re-examination of these recommendations.

12/07/2013

Hydroxyethyl starch Article-107i procedure - Review started

LINK: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/referrals/Hydroxyethyl_starch-containing_solutions/human_referral_prac_000012.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac05805c516f